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Vessels
Blood vessels form the transport network of the cardiovascular system. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and branch into progressively smaller vessels to reach every region, while veins return blood toward the heart, often running alongside the arteries they mirror.
Every vessel in the AnatoMemory reference is listed below, grouped by body region. Each card covers the vessel's origin, course, major branches or tributaries, and the territory it supplies or drains.
145 vessels, grouped by region
Upper limb
5Lower limb
10- Anterior tibial arteryArterial route through the front of the leg to the foot
- Deep femoral (profunda femoris) arteryDeep arterial network supplying much of the thigh
- Dorsalis pedis arteryArtery crossing the upper surface of the foot
- External iliac arteryMain arterial route from the pelvis into the thigh
- Femoral arteryMajor arterial channel through the thigh toward the knee
- Femoral veinDeep venous return through the thigh
- Great saphenous veinLong superficial vein along the inner lower limb
- Popliteal arteryDeep arterial supply behind the knee
- Posterior tibial arteryDeep calf artery continuing into the sole
- Small saphenous veinSuperficial venous route up the back of the calf
Thorax
34- Accessory hemiazygos veinA variable collector of left mid-thoracic intercostal veins
- Anterior cardiac veinsRight ventricular veins with direct atrial drainage
- Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)The anterior descending branch of the left coronary system
- AortaThe main arterial route from the left ventricle to the body
- Aortic archThe curved aortic segment supplying the head and upper limbs
- Ascending aortaThe upward aortic route between the root and arch
- Atrioventricular nodal arteryA small coronary branch serving atrioventricular conduction tissue
- Azygos veinThe main right paravertebral venous channel
- Brachiocephalic trunkThe usual common arterial stem for the right neck and arm
- Brachiocephalic veinsThe paired venous trunks joining upper-body drainage
- Bronchial arteriesSystemic vessels supporting the airways
- Circumflex arteryThe left coronary route around the atrioventricular groove
- Coronary sinusA collecting channel for most cardiac venous blood
- Great cardiac veinA major venous route from the anterior heart to the coronary sinus
- Hemiazygos veinA lower left thoracic tributary of the azygos system
- Internal thoracic arteryThe parasternal artery of the anterior chest wall
- Left coronary arteryThe usual common stem of the left coronary branches
- Left marginal (obtuse marginal) arteryCircumflex branches serving the lateral left ventricle
- Lymphatic drainage of the breastA variable network linking breast tissue to regional nodes
- Middle cardiac veinThe venous channel in the inferior interventricular groove
- Posterior intercostal arteriesSegmental arteries supplying the posterior chest wall
- Posterior interventricular artery (PDA)The descending artery in the inferior interventricular groove
- Pulmonary arteriesPaired inflow vessels for the lungs
- Pulmonary trunkRight ventricular outlet to the pulmonary circulation
- Pulmonary veinsReturn pathway from lung capillaries to the left atrium
- Right coronary arteryThe coronary vessel following the right atrioventricular groove
- Right lymphatic ductA variable final lymphatic channel at the right neck base
- Right marginal (acute marginal) arteryAn acute-border branch to the right ventricular wall
- Sinoatrial nodal arteryA variable coronary route to the sinus-node region
- Small cardiac veinA variable right-sided tributary of the cardiac venous system
- Subclavian veinThe upper-limb venous route in front of the anterior scalene
- Superior vena cavaThe final upper-body venous channel to the right atrium
- Thoracic (descending) aortaThe descending aortic segment behind the heart
- Thoracic ductThe main lymphatic return route through the chest
Abdomen
50- Abdominal aortaMain arterial trunk between the diaphragm and iliac bifurcation
- Afferent arterioleThe regulated vascular inlet to a renal corpuscle
- Celiac trunkShort aortic branch feeding the upper digestive arterial network
- Cisterna chyliVariable abdominal confluence of major lymph trunks
- Common hepatic arteryCeliac branch connecting hepatic and gastroduodenal circulations
- Common iliac arteryPaired arterial links from the aorta to pelvis and lower limb
- Cystic arteryVariable arterial supply to the gallbladder
- Efferent arterioleThe glomerular outlet that feeds another capillary bed
- Gastro-omental arteriesArterial routes along the greater curvature
- Gastroduodenal arteryArtery behind the proximal duodenum
- Gonadal arteriesLong aortic vessels retained as the gonads descend
- Hepatic portal veinVenous inflow connecting digestive organs to liver sinusoids
- Hepatic veinsLiver outflow entering the inferior vena cava
- Ileocolic arterySuperior mesenteric branch serving the ileocecal region
- Inferior mesenteric arteryAortic supply to the distal colon and upper rectum
- Inferior mesenteric veinHindgut venous channel with a variable portal-system junction
- Inferior phrenic arteriesPaired diaphragmatic arteries with variable origins
- Inferior suprarenal arteryThe usual renal-arterial contribution to the adrenal
- Inferior vena cavaMain venous return from below the diaphragm
- Interlobar and arcuate arteriesArteries traveling between the renal pyramids
- Jejunal and ileal arteriesMesenteric branches forming small-bowel arterial loops
- Left colic arteryInferior mesenteric branch reaching the descending colon
- Left gastric arteryCeliac route to the cardia and lesser curvature
- Left suprarenal veinThe principal adrenal tributary of the left renal vein
- Lumbar arteriesSegmental aortic supply around the lumbar vertebrae
- Marginal artery of DrummondPeripheral arterial connections along the colonic mesentery
- Middle colic arteryMesocolic artery serving much of the transverse colon
- Middle suprarenal arteryAn aortic contribution to the adrenal vascular network
- Ovarian arteryAn aortic supply carried in the ovarian suspensory ligament
- Ovarian veinOvarian drainage joins different veins on each side
- Pancreaticoduodenal arteriesShared arterial arcades around pancreatic head and duodenum
- Paraumbilical veinsPortal connections reaching the umbilical abdominal wall
- Portosystemic anastomosesCommunications between portal tributaries and systemic veins
- Proper hepatic arteryHepatic inflow artery within the hepatoduodenal ligament
- Renal arteryAortic inflow to the kidney's segmental territories
- Renal segmental arteriesBranches defining relatively independent renal territories
- Renal veinAsymmetric venous outflow from the two kidneys
- Renal veinsShort right and longer left routes from kidneys to cava
- Right colic arteryVariable arterial route to the ascending colon
- Right gastric arterySmall artery approaching the pyloric lesser curvature
- Right suprarenal veinA short adrenal connection usually entering the cava
- Sigmoid arteriesInferior mesenteric branches spreading through the sigmoid mesocolon
- Splenic arteryUsually tortuous artery following the upper pancreatic border
- Splenic veinPosterior pancreatic vein joining the portal confluence
- Superior mesenteric arteryAnterior aortic branch supplying the midgut territory
- Superior mesenteric veinPrincipal small-bowel and right-colonic venous collector
- Superior suprarenal arteriesSmall branches approaching the adrenal from above
- Testicular arteryA long gonadal vessel from aorta to spermatic cord
- Testicular veinThe abdominal continuation of the pampiniform plexus
- Vasa rectaMedullary microvessels for exchange and oxygen delivery
Pelvis
11- Common iliac veinsPelvic and limb outflow converging into the cava
- Internal iliac arteryPelvic supply with branches beyond the pelvic cavity
- Lymphatic drainage of the anal canalProximal pelvic routes and distal inguinal routes
- Lymphatic drainage of the testisGonadal lymph follows the vessels into the retroperitoneum
- Lymphatic drainage of the uterus and ovaryInterconnected pelvic, lumbar and inguinal pathways
- Median sacral arterySmall posterior aortic branch over the sacrum
- Pampiniform plexusTesticular venous return intertwined with the artery
- Prostatic venous plexusA pelvic venous network around the prostate
- Rectal arteriesOverlapping rectal and anal arterial territories
- Uterine arteryA variable pelvic artery ascending beside the uterus
- Vesical venous plexusCommunicating veins around the bladder outlet
Head & neck
35- Anterior cerebral arteryMedial hemispheric and deep perforator supply
- Anterior communicating arteryAnterior cross-connection with important small perforators
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)Variable arterial supply around the lower lateral pons
- Anterior spinal arteryLongitudinal supply reinforced at selected spinal levels
- Basilar arteryThe central trunk of vertebrobasilar circulation
- Cavernous sinusA parasellar venous network surrounding critical neurovascular structures
- Circle of WillisA variable arterial network with collateral potential
- Common carotid arteryA paired conduit into internal and external carotid systems
- Confluence of sinusesA variable junction of posterior dural venous channels
- External carotid arteryBranches for the face, scalp, neck and cranial dura
- Facial arteryA flexible, variably branching supply to the face
- Great cerebral vein (of Galen)A short collecting trunk of deep cerebral drainage
- Hypophyseal portal systemVessels carrying hypothalamic signals to the anterior pituitary
- Inferior thyroid arteryThyrocervical branch with variable laryngeal nerve relations
- Internal carotid arteryA major source of cerebral and orbital blood flow
- Internal jugular veinA principal outflow channel from the cranium and neck
- Kiesselbach's plexusA common bleeding site in the anterior nasal septum
- Lenticulostriate arteriesPenetrating vessels with variable deep cerebral territories
- Lymphatic drainage of the tongueOverlapping routes with normal drainage to both sides
- Middle cerebral arteryA major arterial tree for the lateral hemisphere
- Middle meningeal arteryA skull-associated artery with extensive dural branches
- Ophthalmic arteryOrbital circulation linked to both carotid systems
- Posterior cerebral arteryVisual, medial temporal and deep posterior brain supply
- Posterior communicating arteryAn ICA–PCA connection that also supplies perforators
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)A variable route around medulla and cerebellar tonsil
- Sigmoid sinusThe curved dural outflow toward the jugular bulb
- Straight sinusDeep cerebral venous drainage along the falx–tentorium junction
- Superior and inferior petrosal sinusesDifferent routes between parasellar and posterior venous drainage
- Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)Upper cerebellar supply beside the rostral brainstem
- Superior cerebral (bridging) veinsCortical drainage crossing into the superior sagittal system
- Superior sagittal sinusA major midline venous channel in the attached falx
- Superior thyroid arteryUpper thyroid supply arising near the carotid bifurcation
- Thyroid ima arteryVariable pretracheal artery supplying the lower thyroid
- Transverse sinusLateral dural drainage along the tentorial attachment
- Vertebral arteryCervical arterial passage into the posterior cranial circulation