Vessel
Inferior mesenteric artery
Aortic supply to the distal colon and upper rectum
High-yield
The left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal branches connect this territory to neighboring arterial networks. The splenic-flexure border with the SMA is a recognized watershed region.
Overview
The inferior mesenteric artery arises below the renal and superior mesenteric origins. Its branches reach the left colon and continue into the pelvis as the superior rectal artery, serving the main hindgut arterial territory.
Reference facts
- Origin
- Usually branches from the anterior abdominal aorta near L3.
- Course
- Descends leftward in the retroperitoneum before continuing toward the rectum.
- Branches
- Left colic artery, sigmoid arteries and terminal superior rectal artery.
- Supplies
- Distal transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and upper rectal territory through its branches.
Clinical correlation
Reduced perfusion can injure colonic watershed regions, including the splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction. Vulnerability varies with collateral anatomy and the underlying circulatory problem.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the inferior mesenteric artery originate?
Usually branches from the anterior abdominal aorta near L3.
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the distal transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and upper rectal territory through its branches.
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery include the left colic artery, sigmoid arteries and terminal superior rectal artery.
What is the course of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Descends leftward in the retroperitoneum before continuing toward the rectum.