Vessel
Renal artery
Aortic inflow to the kidney's segmental territories
High-yield
Typical origins are near L1–L2, but additional arteries and early branching are common anatomical variations.
Overview
Renal arteries usually arise below the superior mesenteric origin and run toward the renal hila. Together, the kidneys receive roughly 20–25% of resting cardiac output. The right artery typically travels farther and passes behind the inferior vena cava.
Reference facts
- Origin
- Usually from the lateral abdominal aorta near L1–L2, inferior to the superior mesenteric origin; level and number vary.
- Course
- Runs toward the hilum, generally behind the renal vein; the longer right artery usually passes posterior to the cava. Hilar or prehilar branching is variable.
- Branches
- Anterior and posterior distribution branches give segmental vessels; smaller branches commonly reach the adrenal gland, capsule and proximal ureter.
- Supplies
- Renal parenchyma and portions of the ipsilateral upper urinary tract and suprarenal region.
- Drains to
- Blood returns after renal microcirculation through renal veins to the inferior vena cava.
Clinical correlation
Atherosclerotic narrowing commonly affects the proximal renal artery, while multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia often involves more distal segments. Additional renal arteries may supply tissue with little effective collateral flow, making their distribution clinically important.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the renal artery originate?
Usually from the lateral abdominal aorta near L1–L2, inferior to the superior mesenteric origin; level and number vary.
What does the renal artery supply?
The renal artery supplies the renal parenchyma and portions of the ipsilateral upper urinary tract and suprarenal region.
Where does blood from the renal artery go?
The renal artery drains to the blood returns after renal microcirculation through renal veins to the inferior vena cava.
What are the branches of the renal artery?
Anterior and posterior distribution branches give segmental vessels; smaller branches commonly reach the adrenal gland, capsule and proximal ureter.