Vessel
Internal thoracic artery
The parasternal artery of the anterior chest wall
High-yield
The superior epigastric continuation links the internal thoracic system with the anterior abdominal wall.
Overview
The internal thoracic artery descends from the subclavian along the inner anterior chest wall. It gives intercostal, perforating and mediastinal branches before usually dividing near the sixth intercostal region into musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries. Its course and terminal level vary.
Reference facts
- Origin
- Usually the first part of the subclavian artery
- Course
- Descends behind the upper costal cartilages beside the sternum, anterior to transversus thoracis where that muscle is present
- Branches
- Pericardiacophrenic, anterior intercostal and perforating branches; terminal musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries
- Supplies
- Anterior thoracic wall, breast and mediastinal tissues, with onward abdominal and diaphragmatic branches
- Drains to
- Associated veins return blood toward the brachiocephalic venous system
Clinical correlation
This artery is widely used as a coronary bypass conduit. Its chest-wall branches also contribute to sternal and breast perfusion, making individual branching anatomy relevant to surgery.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the internal thoracic artery originate?
Usually the first part of the subclavian artery.
What does the internal thoracic artery supply?
Anterior thoracic wall, breast and mediastinal tissues, with onward abdominal and diaphragmatic branches.
Where does the internal thoracic artery drain to?
The internal thoracic artery drains to the associated veins return blood toward the brachiocephalic venous system.
What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery?
Pericardiacophrenic, anterior intercostal and perforating branches; terminal musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries.