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Glands
This hub gathers the glands and the endocrine tissue: whole glands such as the thyroid and the adrenal, the zones and cell populations inside them (the adrenal cortex zones, the pancreatic islet cells, the Leydig and Sertoli cells), and the parts of the pituitary. Learning one means learning where it sits, what it secretes, and how it is supplied.
Every gland and endocrine tissue in the AnatoMemory reference is listed below, grouped by body region. Each card covers location, hormones or secretions, blood supply, innervation, and function.
33 glands, grouped by region
Abdomen
13- Adrenal (suprarenal) glandTwo endocrine tissues beside the upper kidney
- Adrenal cortexSteroid-producing layers outside the adrenal medulla
- Adrenal medullaChromaffin cells linking sympathetic nerves to blood
- Head and uncinate process of the pancreasPancreatic tissue on both sides of mesenteric vessels
- Juxtaglomerular apparatusA local sensor linking tubular salt to vascular control
- PancreasDigestive gland with endocrine islands behind the stomach
- Pancreatic alpha cellAn islet cell that signals hepatic glucose release
- Pancreatic beta cellThe endocrine cell that releases insulin with C-peptide
- Pancreatic delta cellA local somatostatin regulator within the islet
- Pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)Vascular endocrine clusters within the pancreas
- Zona fasciculataThe broad cortisol-producing cortical layer
- Zona glomerulosaThe outer cortex that adjusts mineralocorticoid output
- Zona reticularisThe inner cortical network supplying androgen precursors
Pelvis
7- Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glandSmall mucous glands above the perineal membrane
- Corpus luteumThe postovulatory source of progesterone
- Greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glandPaired mucous glands at the posterior vestibule
- Leydig (interstitial) cellsInterstitial steroidogenic cells of the testis
- Ovarian follicleThe oocyte and its hormone-producing support cells
- Paraurethral (Skene's) glandsSecretory glands near the distal female urethra
- Sertoli cellsThe seminiferous support cells and barrier-forming epithelium
Head & neck
13- Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)Glandular pituitary tissue controlled through portal blood
- Inferior parathyroid glandCalcium-regulating gland with a variable migration endpoint
- Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)Neural and vascular connection between hypothalamus and pituitary
- Isthmus of the thyroidVariable bridge of thyroid tissue across the upper trachea
- Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)Hypothalamic axons releasing vasopressin and oxytocin
- Parotid glandSerous salivary tissue around the facial nerve branches
- Pineal glandEpithalamic source of the nightly melatonin signal
- Pituitary gland (hypophysis)Sellar endocrine organ linking brain signals to hormone output
- Pyramidal lobe of the thyroidOptional superior extension of functioning thyroid tissue
- Sublingual glandMucus-rich salivary secretion beneath the tongue
- Submandibular glandA salivary gland spanning both sides of mylohyoid
- Superior parathyroid glandFourth-pouch endocrine gland usually behind the upper thyroid
- Thyroid glandAnterior neck follicles producing thyroid hormones