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Bones
Bones form the rigid framework of the body. They support soft tissues, protect internal organs, act as levers for the muscles that attach to them, and meet one another at joints. Learning a bone means learning its type, its palpable landmarks, and its articulations.
Every bone entry in the AnatoMemory reference is listed below, grouped by body region. Open any entry for the bone type, key landmarks, articulations, and common clinical points.
37 bones, grouped by region
Upper limb
9- ClavicleBony support between chest and shoulder
- HumerusLong bone linking shoulder and elbow
- LunateCentral bone of the proximal wrist row
- MetacarpalsNumbered supports of the palm
- RadiusForearm bone on the thumb side
- ScaphoidCarpal link on the thumb side of the wrist
- ScapulaMobile platform for the shoulder muscles
- TrapeziumWrist bone supporting the thumb base
- UlnaForearm bone on the little-finger side
Lower limb
8- CalcaneusLarge tarsal bone forming the heel beneath the talus
- FemurLong thigh bone carrying load between hip and knee
- FibulaSlender lateral leg bone contributing to ankle stability
- Hip bone (os coxae)Fused ilium, ischium and pubis forming one side of the pelvis
- MetatarsalsFive long bones connecting the tarsus with the toes
- PatellaSesamoid kneecap improving the quadriceps' mechanical advantage
- TalusHindfoot bone linking the ankle with the foot below
- TibiaMain load-bearing bone on the medial side of the leg
Thorax
2Pelvis
1Back
5- Atlas (C1)Ring-shaped first neck vertebra supporting the skull
- Axis (C2)Second neck vertebra providing the dens for head rotation
- Typical cervical vertebraUsual neck-vertebra pattern, represented by C3–C6
- Typical lumbar vertebraLarge lower-back vertebra adapted for substantial loading
- Typical thoracic vertebraRib-bearing vertebra, best illustrated in the middle thoracic region
Head & neck
12- Ethmoid boneThin partitions between the nose, orbits and cranium
- Frontal boneForehead, orbital roofs and anterior cranial floor
- Hyoid boneSuspended anchor for tongue and laryngeal movement
- MandibleMovable lower jaw
- MaxillaUpper-jaw framework for teeth, palate and orbit
- Nasal bonePaired bony bridge above the nasal cartilages
- Nasal conchaeBony shelves covered by vascular nasal mucosa
- Occipital bonePosterior skull base around the foramen magnum
- Parietal boneCurved plates protecting the upper and lateral brain
- Sphenoid boneCentral skull-base bone with major nerve passages
- Temporal boneSkull-base housing for the ear and facial nerve
- Zygomatic boneCheek prominence and outer orbital support