Digestive system
Digestive system
The gut tube and its accessory organs, from the mouth to the anal canal.
84 structures
Thorax
2Abdomen
68Accessory pancreatic duct
A variable dorsal duct outlet at the minor papilla
OrganAscending (fourth) part of the duodenum
Duodenal ascent toward the mobile jejunum
OrganAscending colon
Right-sided colonic ascent toward the liver
OrganBare area of the liver
An extraperitoneal interface with the diaphragm
SpaceBody and pyloric antrum
Secretory reservoir and distal gastric mixer
OrganCalot's triangle
Gallbladder-neck landmarks with two historical definitions
SpaceCardia of the stomach
Mucosal entry region around the gastroesophageal junction
OrganCaudate and quadrate lobes
Surface lobes that map differently onto functional segments
OrganCecum
Blind colonic pouch below the ileal opening
OrganCommon bile duct
Final extrahepatic route from the liver and gallbladder
OrganCommon hepatic duct
Hepatic outflow above the cystic duct junction
OrganCoronary and triangular ligaments
Liver–diaphragm peritoneal attachments
LigamentCouinaud segments
A portal-territory map of the liver
OrganCystic duct
Bidirectional connection to the gallbladder
OrganDescending (second) part of the duodenum
Duodenal segment beside the pancreatic head
OrganDescending colon
Fixed left colonic segment approaching the sigmoid
OrganDuodenum
Fixed proximal bowel receiving digestive secretions
OrganEpiploic foramen
Peritoneal connection behind the portal pedicle
SpaceFalciform ligament
Anterior hepatic peritoneal fold with an umbilical remnant
LigamentFundus of the stomach
Proximal gastric reservoir beneath the left diaphragm
OrganGallbladder
Bile storage organ against the inferior liver
OrganGastrosplenic ligament
A vascular fold between the fundus and splenic hilum
LigamentGreater curvature
Long convex gastric margin carrying omental attachments
OrganGreater omentum
Mobile vascular and immune tissue over the bowel
LigamentHead and uncinate process of the pancreas
Pancreatic tissue on both sides of mesenteric vessels
GlandHepatic lobule and acinus
Microscopic maps organized around blood and bile flow
OrganHepatoduodenal ligament
Portal pedicle in the free lesser-omental margin
LigamentHepatopancreatic ampulla
Variable common outlet of bile and pancreatic ducts
OrganHepatorenal recess
Dependent right subhepatic peritoneal pocket
SpaceHorizontal (third) part of the duodenum
Duodenal crossing beneath the mesenteric vessels
OrganIleocecal junction
Small-to-large bowel transition with variable valve geometry
OrganIleum
Distal mobile bowel with specialized absorptive and immune roles
OrganJejunum
Proximal mobile bowel with prominent absorptive folds
OrganJejunum versus ileum
A gradual change in bowel and mesenteric architecture
OrganLeft colic (splenic) flexure
Colonic bend near the spleen and an arterial border zone
OrganLeft lobe of the liver
Surface left lobe versus the larger functional left liver
OrganLesser curvature
Concave gastric border facing the liver
OrganLesser omentum
Peritoneal connection from liver to stomach and duodenum
LigamentLesser sac (omental bursa)
Sliding peritoneal compartment behind the stomach
SpaceLigamentum teres hepatis
Round ligament tracing the fetal umbilical venous route
LigamentLigamentum venosum
Fibrous trace of the fetal hepatic shunt
LigamentLiver
Metabolic organ receiving portal and arterial inflow
OrganLower esophageal sphincter
Intrinsic smooth-muscle barrier supported by the crura
OrganMain pancreatic duct
Longitudinal collecting route through the pancreas
OrganMajor duodenal papilla
Luminal landmark of the main biliopancreatic outlet
OrganMeckel's diverticulum
True ileal diverticulum from an embryonic gut connection
OrganMesentery of the small intestine
Mobile small bowel suspended from an oblique attachment
LigamentPancreas
Digestive gland with endocrine islands behind the stomach
GlandParacolic gutters
Lateral peritoneal routes beside the colon
SpacePeritoneum
Continuous serous surface lining walls and covering viscera
SpacePorta hepatis
Hepatic hilum for portal inflow and bile outflow
SpacePositions of the appendix
A stable cecal origin with a variable tip
OrganPyloric sphincter
Muscular regulator at the gastric outlet
OrganRetroperitoneum
Posterior extraperitoneal region with communicating tissue planes
SpaceRight colic (hepatic) flexure
Colonic turn below the right liver
OrganRight lobe of the liver
Large surface lobe distinct from functional right liver
OrganSigmoid colon
A mobile pelvic loop before the rectum
OrganSigmoid mesocolon
The vascular attachment of the sigmoid loop
LigamentSphincter of Oddi
A muscular valve system at the duct outlets
OrganSplenorenal ligament
The peritoneal route into the splenic hilum
LigamentStomach
A muscular reservoir that begins protein digestion
OrganSubphrenic recesses
Peritoneal spaces beneath the diaphragm
SpaceSuperior (first) part of the duodenum
The proximal duodenum beside the gastric outlet
OrganSuspensory muscle of the duodenum
A variable support at the duodenojejunal junction
LigamentTeniae coli
Longitudinal muscle concentrated into three bands
OrganTransverse colon
A mobile colonic bridge across the abdomen
OrganTransverse mesocolon
The mesentery beneath the stomach and pancreas
LigamentVermiform appendix
A lymphoid-rich blind extension of the cecum
OrganPelvis
5Anal canal
The continence-controlled outlet of the gut
OrganInternal anal sphincter
An involuntary smooth-muscle contributor to closure
OrganIschioanal fossa
Compressible tissue beside the anal sphincters
SpacePectinate (dentate) line
A regional landmark formed by the anal valves
OrganRectum
A pelvic reservoir with a continuous longitudinal coat
OrganHead & neck
9Dentition
Primary and permanent teeth with different tooth classes
OrganHard palate
A rigid partition between mouth and nose
OrganOral cavity
A food-processing chamber with an outer vestibule
SpaceParotid gland
Serous salivary tissue around the facial nerve branches
GlandPharynx
A muscular passage coordinating breathing and swallowing
OrganSoft palate
A mobile valve between oral and nasal passages
OrganSublingual gland
Mucus-rich salivary secretion beneath the tongue
GlandSubmandibular gland
A salivary gland spanning both sides of mylohyoid
GlandTongue
Interlacing muscles for taste, food control and speech
Organ