Pelvis anatomy

Bulbospongiosus

A superficial perineal muscle acting on erectile tissue

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

The small muscular component behind levator ani

Cremaster muscle

Skeletal muscle loops that elevate the testis

Dartos muscle and fascia

Scrotal smooth muscle that changes skin tension

Detrusor muscle

The bladder's distensible smooth-muscle wall

External anal sphincter

Voluntary skeletal muscle surrounding the anal outlet

External urethral sphincter

Striated muscle that supports urethral closure

Iliococcygeus

A thin lateral levator component contributing to the levator plate

Internal urethral sphincter

Autonomic smooth muscle at the bladder outlet

Ischiocavernosus

Muscle over each crus of the erectile bodies

Levator ani

The muscular support surrounding the pelvic hiatus

Pubococcygeus

Pubic levator fibers with visceral and posterior attachments

Puborectalis

A sling that draws the anorectal junction forward

Bones

Bone

Sacrum

The spinal component of the posterior pelvic ring

Bone

Nerves

Nerve

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic fibers from the second to fourth sacral segments

Nerve

Sacral plexus

Lumbosacral fibers gathered on the pelvic surface of piriformis

Nerve

Vessels

Common iliac veins

Pelvic and limb outflow converging into the cava

Internal iliac artery

Pelvic supply with branches beyond the pelvic cavity

Lymphatic drainage of the anal canal

Proximal pelvic routes and distal inguinal routes

Lymphatic drainage of the testis

Gonadal lymph follows the vessels into the retroperitoneum

Lymphatic drainage of the uterus and ovary

Interconnected pelvic, lumbar and inguinal pathways

Median sacral artery

Small posterior aortic branch over the sacrum

Pampiniform plexus

Testicular venous return intertwined with the artery

Prostatic venous plexus

A pelvic venous network around the prostate

Rectal arteries

Overlapping rectal and anal arterial territories

Uterine artery

A variable pelvic artery ascending beside the uterus

Vesical venous plexus

Communicating veins around the bladder outlet

Organs

Ampulla of the uterine tube

The broad tubal segment where fertilization usually occurs

Anal canal

The continence-controlled outlet of the gut

Bulb of the penis

Expanded proximal spongiosum beneath the perineal membrane

Bulb of the vestibule

Paired erectile tissue beside the vaginal opening

Central zone of the prostate

Glandular tissue surrounding the ejaculatory ducts

Cervical transformation zone

The changing interface of cervical epithelial types

Cervix

The uterine neck surrounding the cervical canal

Clitoris

A sensory and erectile complex with mostly internal parts

Common iliac lymph nodes

A major link from pelvic nodes to lumbar chains

Corpus cavernosum of the penis

Paired erectile compartments responsible for rigidity

Corpus spongiosum

Erectile tissue surrounding the spongy urethra

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Muscular transport from epididymal tail to ejaculatory duct

Ejaculatory duct

The terminal shared route for sperm and seminal-vesicle fluid

Endometrium

A regenerating mucosa responsive to ovarian hormones

Epididymis

A coiled duct for sperm maturation and storage

External iliac lymph nodes

Pelvic continuation of inguinal and anterior visceral drainage

Female urethra

A short urinary outlet supported against the vagina

Glans penis

The distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum

Infundibulum and fimbriae

Fimbriae surrounding the tube's abdominal opening

Internal anal sphincter

An involuntary smooth-muscle contributor to closure

Internal iliac lymph nodes

Lymphatic stations beside the internal iliac branches

Isthmus of the uterine tube

The narrow muscular segment beside the uterine wall

Male urethra

A shared outlet through prostate, perineum and penis

Membranous urethra

The sphincter-associated segment below the prostate

Myometrium

Interlacing uterine muscle for growth and contraction

Ovary

A mobile pelvic gonad containing follicles and endocrine tissue

Pectinate (dentate) line

A regional landmark formed by the anal valves

Pelvic part of the ureter

The sidewall-to-bladder portion of the urinary conduit

Penis

Coordinated erectile tissue, sensation and urethral transport

Peripheral zone of the prostate

The large posterior glandular territory of the prostate

Prostate

A gland surrounding the urethra beneath the bladder

Prostatic urethra

The urethral segment receiving reproductive ducts

Rectum

A pelvic reservoir with a continuous longitudinal coat

Rete testis

Collecting channels at the back of the testis

Scrotum

A divided skin pouch that helps cool the testes

Seminal vesicle

A secretory gland between bladder and rectum

Seminiferous tubules

Coiled epithelial tubes where sperm develop

Spongy (penile) urethra

The long urethral segment inside corpus spongiosum

Testis

The gonad that produces sperm and androgens

Transition zone of the prostate

Glandular tissue beside the proximal prostatic urethra

Trigone of the bladder

The smooth floor between ureteral and urethral openings

Tunica albuginea of the testis

The fibrous capsule and internal framework of the testis

Ureteric crossing of the pelvic brim

The ureter's passage over the iliac arterial region

Ureterovesical junction

An oblique ureteral passage through the bladder wall

Urinary bladder

A compliant pelvic reservoir with coordinated emptying

Uterine (Fallopian) tube

A ciliated muscular route from ovary region to uterus

Uterus

A muscular pelvic organ with cyclic and gestational roles

Vagina

A distensible muscular passage with surrounding fornices

Vulva

Surface and erectile structures around the genital vestibule

Glands

Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Small mucous glands above the perineal membrane

Corpus luteum

The postovulatory source of progesterone

Greater vestibular (Bartholin's) gland

Paired mucous glands at the posterior vestibule

Leydig (interstitial) cells

Interstitial steroidogenic cells of the testis

Ovarian follicle

The oocyte and its hormone-producing support cells

Paraurethral (Skene's) glands

Secretory glands near the distal female urethra

Sertoli cells

The seminiferous support cells and barrier-forming epithelium

Ligaments

Broad ligament

A peritoneal fold organizing the uterine adnexa

Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament

Paracervical connective tissue supporting the vaginal apex

External spermatic fascia

The cord sheath continuous with the superficial inguinal ring

Internal spermatic fascia

A transversalis-fascia extension around the spermatic cord

Ligament of the ovary

A short connection between ovary and uterus

Median umbilical ligament

The midline urachal remnant above the bladder

Perineal body

A three-dimensional junction of perineal support tissues

Perineal membrane

Support tissue linking the pubic arch and pelvic outlets

Pubovesical and puboprostatic ligaments

Fibromuscular supports linking the outlet to the pubis

Round ligament of the uterus

A uterine cord that follows the inguinal canal

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

The ovarian vascular pedicle from the pelvic wall

Suspensory ligament of the penis

Deep connective attachments at the penopubic junction

Uterosacral ligament

Posterior connective support for cervix and upper vagina

Spaces

Deep perineal pouch

The sphincter region superior to the perineal membrane

Ischioanal fossa

Compressible tissue beside the anal sphincters

Perineum

The region between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin

Pudendal (Alcock's) canal

A fascial route for the pudendal neurovascular bundle

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

A dependent peritoneal recess behind the uterus

Rectovesical pouch

A peritoneal recess between male bladder and rectum

Retropubic space

The extraperitoneal plane behind the pubic symphysis

Spermatic cord

The testicular duct and vessels share an inguinal route

Superficial perineal pouch

Erectile roots and muscles below the perineal membrane

Tunica vaginalis

A serous covering left by the testicular descent pathway

Vesicouterine pouch

The anterior pelvic peritoneal reflection