Nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Nerve to gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae
High-yield
Weak abductors on the supporting side can allow the opposite side of the pelvis to drop. This is the classic Trendelenburg pattern, although compensation may alter or conceal it.
Overview
The superior gluteal nerve leaves the pelvis above piriformis and runs between the smaller gluteal muscles. Its motor targets help abduct the hip and control the pelvis when one leg supports body weight.
Reference facts
- Root value
- Posterior divisions of L4, L5 and S1 ventral rami in the sacral plexus
- Course
- Passes through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis with the superior gluteal vessels, then branches between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
- Motor
- Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae
- Sensory
- No usual cutaneous field; sensory feedback from its supplied deep tissues accompanies the motor pathway
Clinical correlation
Superior gluteal injury can contribute to pelvic instability and an abnormal gait. A Trendelenburg sign alone cannot identify the cause: muscle or tendon injury, hip disease, pain and other neurological problems can also affect the test.
Frequently asked questions
What are the roots of the superior gluteal nerve?
Posterior divisions of L4, L5 and S1 ventral rami in the sacral plexus.
What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply?
The superior gluteal nerve supplies the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae.
What is the sensory distribution of the superior gluteal nerve?
No usual cutaneous field; sensory feedback from its supplied deep tissues accompanies the motor pathway.
What is the course of the superior gluteal nerve?
Passes through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis with the superior gluteal vessels, then branches between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.