Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet
45 rows · AnatoMemory · sample of the first 2 rows of each section (16 of 45)
Bones - Upper limb
Bones - Upper limb - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Bone
Bone type
Key landmarks
Articulations
Clavicle
An atypical long bone, with a small or poorly defined marrow cavity
Medial sternal end; lateral acromial end; inferior conoid tubercle and trapezoid line; groove for subclavius
Manubrium at the sternoclavicular joint; scapular acromion at the acromioclavicular joint
Humerus
A long bone with an expanded end at each joint
Proximal head and anatomical neck; greater and lesser tubercles with the bicipital groove between them; surgical neck; deltoid tuberosity and radial groove on the shaft; distal epicondyles, capitulum, trochlea and radial, coronoid and olecranon fossae
Head with the scapular glenoid; capitulum with the radial head; trochlea with the ulnar trochlear notch
Bones - Lower limb
Bones - Lower limb - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Talus above at talocalcaneal articulations and cuboid in front at the calcaneocuboid joint
Femur
Long bone of the thigh
Head and fovea; neck; greater and lesser trochanters; intertrochanteric line and crest; gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera; condyles, epicondyles, adductor tubercle and intercondylar fossa
Acetabulum at the hip; tibia and patella at the knee
Bones - Thorax
Bones - Thorax - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Head with adjacent vertebral bodies in a typical rib; tubercle with the same-numbered vertebra's transverse process; anterior end with costal cartilage
Bones - Pelvis
Bones - Pelvis - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Bone
Bone type
Key landmarks
Articulations
Sacrum
An irregular bone produced by fusion of the sacral vertebrae.
Recognizable features include the promontory, alae, sacral foramina, median crest, hiatus and paired auricular surfaces.
Joins L5 superiorly, the two hip bones laterally and the coccyx inferiorly.
Bones - Back
Bones - Back - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Bone
Bone type
Key landmarks
Articulations
Atlas (C1)
Irregular bone of the cervical spine
Anterior and posterior arches; paired lateral masses; transverse foramina; articular surface for the dens behind the anterior arch
Occipital condyles above; the axis below and at the dens
Axis (C2)
Irregular bone of the cervical spine
Dens (odontoid process); usually forked spinous process; paired superior articular surfaces; pars interarticularis
Atlas at median and paired lateral atlanto-axial joints; C3 through a disc and paired facet joints
Bones - Head & neck
Bones - Head & neck - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Bone
Bone type
Key landmarks
Articulations
Ethmoid bone
Irregular cranial bone
Cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, ethmoidal air cells, and superior and middle nasal conchae
Frontal, sphenoid and vomer; paired nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, palatine and inferior nasal concha bones
Frontal bone
Flat cranial bone
Squamous and orbital parts; glabella; supraorbital margins with notches or foramina; frontal sinuses
Paired parietal bones at the coronal suture; sphenoid and ethmoid; paired nasal, lacrimal, maxillary and zygomatic bones
Cartilages - Head & neck
Cartilages - Head & neck - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Cartilage
Cartilage type
Key landmarks
Articulations
Ossification
Arytenoid cartilage
Paired cartilages with a mainly hyaline body; elastic cartilage occurs at the apex and especially the tip of the vocal process.
Apex and base; anterior vocal process and lateral muscular process. Cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles attach to different surfaces.
The base forms a synovial joint with the cricoid lamina. A corniculate cartilage rests on the apex.
The hyaline regions can ossify with age, with considerable individual variation; the elastic vocal-process tip normally remains flexible.
Corniculate and cuneiform cartilages
Both are paired elastic cartilages.
Corniculate elevations lie posteriorly over the arytenoid apices; cuneiform elevations are farther anterior and lateral in the aryepiglottic folds.
Corniculates articulate with, and sometimes fuse to, the arytenoid apices. Cuneiforms are supported by the folds without a cartilage-to-cartilage articulation.
They normally retain elastic cartilage rather than following the prominent age-related ossification pattern of the thyroid and cricoid.
Joints - Thorax
Joints - Thorax - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Joint
Joint type
Articulating surfaces
Ligaments
Movements
Blood supply
Costovertebral joints
Synovial joints at the rib head and costotransverse articulation
Typical head with the same-numbered vertebra, vertebra above and intervening disc; tubercle with the same-numbered transverse process
Radiate and intra-articular ligaments at the head; costotransverse, lateral costotransverse and superior costotransverse ligaments
Small rotation and gliding allow combined pump- and bucket-handle rib movement; ribs 11–12 lack costotransverse joints
Articular branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Joints - Head & neck
Joints - Head & neck - Bone, Cartilage and Joint Sheet. Every bone in the reference with its bone type, palpable landmarks, and articulations, grouped by body region, with the laryngeal cartilages and the named joints on the same sheet.
Joint
Joint type
Articulating surfaces
Ligaments
Movements
Blood supply
Cricoarytenoid joint
Paired synovial articulation enclosed by a capsule.
Articular surface on the arytenoid base against a facet on the superior lateral cricoid lamina.
The capsule and cricoarytenoid ligament constrain displacement; neighboring vocal-ligament and conus-elasticus attachments also contribute to stability.
Coupled rocking, gliding and rotation reposition the arytenoid and its vocal process during vocal-fold opening and closure.
Small branches of the anastomosing laryngeal arterial network supply the capsule and adjacent tissues.
Cricothyroid joint
Paired synovial joints; the definition and shape of the articular facets vary.
Medial surface of each inferior thyroid horn against the lateral cricoid articular region.
A fibrous capsule reinforced by ceratocricoid ligaments, particularly lateral and posterior bands; their arrangement varies.
Rotation around an approximately transverse axis with variable horizontal and vertical gliding.
Local thyroid-artery branches, including the cricothyroid branch, supply the joint region.
Built from the bone, cartilage and joint records of the AnatoMemory reference library.
Every structure on this sheet also has its own free reference page - browse the full library.